Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders. DSM divides the mental disorders into three categories: mental disorders due to a general mental condition, substance related mental disorder, and primary mental disorders. Primary mental disorders are the mental disorders in the DSM except for those directing caused by a general medical condition and or substance.
Introductory Sentences
Before diagnoses a primary mental disorder such as major depressants disorder you must rule out the possibilities that a client symptoms are directly caused by a general medical condition or a substance. Culture is also an important situation when determining whether or not a client has a mental disorder because sometime a client symptoms will reflect beliefs, behaviors or experience that are particular to their culture.
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Differential Diagnoses is a systematic method used to identify unknowns. Differential diagnosis allows the physician to: more clearly understand the condition or circumstance, assess reasonable prognosis, eliminate any imminently life-threatening conditions, plan treatment or intervention for the condition or circumstance and enable the patient and the family to integrate the condition or circumstance into their lives, until the condition or circumstance may be ameliorated, if possible.
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A culture-specific syndrome, culture-bound syndrome or folk illness is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. There is no objective biochemical or structural alterations of body organs or functions, and the disease is not recognized in other cultures. While a substantial portion of mental disorders, in the way they are manifested and experienced, are at least partially conditioned by the culture in which they are found, some disorders are more culture-specific than others.
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A delusion can be bizarre and non-bizarre. Delusion is a fixed belief that is either false, unbelievable, or derived from deception. Hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. Clients addicted to substance may experience tolerance or withdraw obsessions and compulsions. Mood disorder is defined by pathological extremes of certain moods - specifically, sadness and happiness. Paranoid Personality Disorder, Axis I - A pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent Individuals with his disorder assume other people will exploit harm or deceive them, even if no evidence exists to support it (Criterion A). They are preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of their friends and associates (Criterion A2). They read hidden meanings that are demeaning and threatening into benign remarks or events (Criterion A4). American Psychiatric Association (2005). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (4th Ed.) Jaypee Brothers. Pg. 690
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Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Most types of dementia are nonreversible. The changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be stopped or turned back. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you've seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may occur soon after a major trauma, or it can be delayed for more than 6 months after the event. When it occurs soon after the trauma, it usually gets better after 3 months. However, some people have a longer-term form of PTSD, which can last for many years. Acute stress disorder (ASD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by a cluster of dissociative and anxiety symptoms that occur within a month of a traumatic stressor.
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There are three types of eating disorders: 307.1 Anorexia Nervosa, 307.51 Bulimia Nervosa and 307.50 Eating Disorder NOS. Anorexia nervosa is refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight are intensely afraid of gaining weight and exhibit a significant disturbance in the perception of the shape or size of his or her body. Repeated episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise. Believed to be determined by social, gender, psychological, familial, biological and cultural factors for some of the risk factors in eating disorders. Additional research had focused on personality characteristics, negative emotional moods, and sexual abuse as causing factors in eating disorders as well.
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ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for the child's age and development. ADHD is a long-term, chronic condition. About half of the children with ADHD will continue to have troublesome symptoms of inattention or impulsivity as adults. However, adults are often more capable of controlling behavior and masking difficulties. Adjustment disorder is a psychological response to an identifiable stressor or group of stressors that causes significant emotional or behavioral symptoms that do not meet criteria for anxiety disorder, PTSD, or acute stress disorder. The condition is different from anxiety disorder, which lacks the presence of a stressor, or post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder, which usually are associated with a more intense stressor. Adjustment disorder may also be acute or chronic, depending on whether it lasts more or less than six months.
What is most interesting about this podcast?
This whole podcast was interesting. It refreshed my memoires on the things, I learned in social work 236. There are so many disorders you must know when dealing with clients. Differential diagnosis allows the physician to: more clearly understand the condition or circumstance, assess reasonable prognosis, and eliminate any imminently life-threatening conditions, plan treatment or intervention for the condition
What can you share with other students about this podcast?
I would recommend that other social work student to listen to this podcast because the social work exam will include questions that will test your knowledge of DSM-IV-TR as well as your familiarity will affective treatments for some mental disorders. Some questions will ask you to choose the most likely diagnosis based on a set of symptoms. You will need to differential from mental disorders that share similar symptoms.
Concluding Sentence
In conclusion, before diagnosing a primary mental disorder such as major depressants disorder you must rule out the possibilities that a client symptoms are directly caused by a general medical condition or a substance. Culture is also an important situation when determination whether or not a client has a mental disorder because sometime a client symptoms will reflect beliefs, behaviors or experience that are particular to their culture.
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